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Houston Public Library is the public library system serving Houston, Texas, United States. ==History== It can trace its founding to the Houston Lyceum in 1854. After a large contribution from Andrew Carnegie it was chartered as the Houston Lyceum and Carnegie Library.〔Chapman, Betty T. ''100 Years—100 Stories: Houston Public Library 1904–2004'' (Houston, 2004). ISBN 0-9753242-0-9.〕 Houston's first public library facility opened on March 2, 1904.〔Chapman, Betty T. "(Story of public libraries took long time to write in Houston )." ''Houston Business Journal''. June 2, 2000. Retrieved on January 27, 2009.〕 Julia Ideson was named its first librarian. The building constructed as Houston's Central Library in 1926 was later named in her honor. The name was changed to Houston Public Library in 1921.〔 The Colored Carnegie Library opened in 1913 and became a part of HPL in 1921.〔Malone, Cheryl Knott. "(Unannounced and Unexpected: The Desegregation of Houston Public Library in the Early 1950s )." ''Library Trends''. Volume 55, Number 3, Winter 2007. pp. 665-674. DOI: (10.1353/lib.2007.0015 ). (See profile at ) Researchgate. CITED: p. 666.〕 The library system racially desegregated in 1953. Prior to that time blacks were permitted use of the Colored Carnegie Branch and deposit stations located at a park, a high school, and an elementary school; whites were permitted use of the main library, six branches, two bookmobiles, and several deposit stations.〔 Desegregation occurred after a letter printed in the ''Houston Informer'' from several prominent black Houstonians, including ''Smith v. Allwright'' plaintiff Lonnie E. Smith, saying that they preferred having a voluntary desegregation program even though they knew they would be able to win a lawsuit; shortly before the letter was printed, ''Sweatt v. Painter'' was decided.〔Malone, Cheryl Knott. "(Unannounced and Unexpected: The Desegregation of Houston Public Library in the Early 1950s )." ''Library Trends''. Volume 55, Number 3, Winter 2007. pp. 665-674. DOI: (10.1353/lib.2007.0015 ). (See profile at ) Researchgate. CITED: p. 667.〕 Around June 1953 Mayor of Houston Roy Hofheinz told the HPL board that library facilities should no longer be segregated. On August 21, 1953, library facilities for high school students and adults were desegregated, but Houston's blacks slowly learned about this since no public announcement had occurred.〔Malone, Cheryl Knott. "(Unannounced and Unexpected: The Desegregation of Houston Public Library in the Early 1950s )." ''Library Trends''. Volume 55, Number 3, Winter 2007. pp. 665-674. DOI: (10.1353/lib.2007.0015 ). (See profile at ) Researchgate. CITED: p. 670.〕 On July 31, 1961, the Carnegie colored branch closed.〔Malone, Cheryl Knott. "(Unannounced and Unexpected: The Desegregation of Houston Public Library in the Early 1950s )." ''Library Trends''. Volume 55, Number 3, Winter 2007. pp. 665-674. DOI: (10.1353/lib.2007.0015 ). (See profile at ) Researchgate. CITED: p. 673.〕 The library facility had needed extensive repairs and it was in the path of the Clay Avenue extension project.〔Malone, Cheryl Knott. "(Unannounced and Unexpected: The Desegregation of Houston Public Library in the Early 1950s )." ''Library Trends''. Volume 55, Number 3, Winter 2007. pp. 665-674. DOI: (10.1353/lib.2007.0015 ). (See profile at ) Researchgate. CITED: p. 671.〕 The branch, auctioned in February 1962 and shortly afterward demolished except for the cornerstone, was replaced by the W. L. D. Johnson Library in Sunnyside, dedicated on June 16, 1964.〔 The library system now consists of 35 neighborhood libraries, including four regional libraries; the Clayton Library Center for Genealogical Research, located in the Museum District; and the Central Library, located Downtown. Central Library, often incorrectly called the "Downtown Library", consists of the Julia Ideson Building and the Jesse H. Jones Building (1976). The Jones Building was designed by Seth Irvin Morris.〔"(In Memory of Mr. Seth Irvin Morris )" ((Archive )). ''Houston Public Library''. August 2, 2006. Retrieved on January 27, 2009.〕 The Jones Building closed for renovations on Monday April 3, 2006.〔"(It's Worth the Wait Exciting New Renovation for the Central Library )" ((Archive )). Houston Public Library. Thursday February 23, 2006. Retrieved on June 30, 2010.〕 It reopened May 31, 2008.〔"(Central Library Grand Re-Opening Celebration May 31 & June1, 2008 )" ((Archive )). Houston Public Library. Retrieved on January 27, 2009.〕 In 2008 the ''Houston Press'' ranked it as the "Best Renovation".〔"(Best Renovation (2008) Downtown Library )" ((Archive )). ''Houston Press''. Retrieved on September 28, 2015.〕 The HPL administrative offices were moved out of the Jones building, freeing of space. Lisa Gray said that the renovation made the Jones Building "less of a public space devoted to reading, and more of a public space, period."〔Gray, Lisa. "(Beyond books )." ''Houston Chronicle''. June 20, 2008. Retrieved on March 11, 2010.〕 The administrative offices moved to the Marston Building.〔 In 2012 the Marston Building was sold by the City of Houston and the HPL administrative office moved to the recently restored Julia Ideson Building while other staff offices moved back to the Jones Building. Additions in the 2000s include McGovern-Stella Link Neighborhood Library (2005), HPL Express Southwest (2008),〔"(HPL Express Southwest Grand Opening )." ''Houston Public Library''. January 1, 2008. Retrieved on December 13, 2008.〕 and HPL Express Discovery Green (2008).〔"(Take to the air for short trips from Tucson )." ''Arizona Daily Star''. June 19, 2008. Retrieved on January 27, 2009.〕 A new building for Looscan Neighborhood Library opened in 2007, replacing a 1956 structure.〔"(Adele B. Looscan Branch Replacement )," ((Archive )) ''Houston Public Library''. Retrieved May 23, 2008.〕 In 2010, due to a budget shortfall, the library system reduced its hours.〔Turner, Allan. "(Budget forcing cuts in library hours )." ''Houston Chronicle''. April 7, 2010. Retrieved on April 7, 2010.〕 During the same year the system put its decades-old city directories online.〔Gonzalez, J.R. "(Houston Public Library puts decades-old directories online )." ''Houston Chronicle''. April 13, 2010. Retrieved on May 11, 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Houston Public Library」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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